Georgia - Crime Victims Rights

Georgia - Crime Victims' Rights You Have The Right To Be Notified Of: Capture of the accused.Availability of casualty administration programs.Availability of remuneration for survivors of savage crime.Any court hearings where arrival of the blamed will be considered.Release for the accused.Court procedures during arraignment of the case.Motion for new preliminary or advance dates.Change of status of the respondent, on the off chance that you demand this recorded as a hard copy. You Have The Right To: Express your assessment on the arrival of the denounced pending court proceedings.Express your perspectives on the result of the case before supplication dealings or condemning of the accused.Complete a Victim Impact Statement. Notice To Victims Of Crime The Office of Victim Services will inform enrolled casualties when any of the accompanying happens: The prisoner is discharged from jail having finished the court requested incarceration.The detainee has been endorsed for move to a work discharge progress center.Removal from change focus to be come back to prisonEscape of a detainee from custody.Recapture of an escapee.The discharge from jail subsequent to finishing the constrainment segment of the sentence to start a court requested probation period.A planned parole discharge from prison.An wrongdoers parole is renounced and the parolee is come back to the guardianship of the Department of Corrections.Transfer to the care of another authority outside of the Georgia Department of Corrections.The passing of the prisoner while in the care of the Georgia Department of Corrections Administrations to Victims of Crime A complementary number is accessible for wrongdoing casualties to contact the Office of Victim ServicesRegistration of wrongdoing casualties for warning of the arrival of their guilty party from the authority of the Georgia Department of Corrections.Notification of a detainees discharge or departure from the guardianship of the Georgia Department of Corrections.Advocacy in the interest of casualties concerning their specific needs in the restorative procedure, including however not restricted to: circumstances including badgering by prisoners, consistence with court commanded conditions, undesirable contact, etc.General data in regards to the status of wrongdoers in the care of or under the management of the branch of corrections.Referrals for wrongdoing casualties to other state, government and network based services.Notification of execution dates alongside arrangement and direction for the overcomers of murder casualties who decide to be available at an execution. Casualty Information and Notification Every Day V.I.P. is a mechanized data and warning framework utilized by the Georgia Department of Corrections to furnish enlisted casualties or their families with access to data about their wrongdoer 24 hours per day, regular. V.I.P. Hotline: 1-800-593-9474. V.I.P. likewise works as a notice framework. Through PC produced calls, casualties who have enlisted with the Georgia Department of Corrections will consequently get warning of the arrival of their guilty party from care. The data and warning administrations of the V.I.P. framework are accessible in both English and Spanish. Step by step instructions to Register with V.I.P. The V.I.P. hotline might be utilized to acquire refreshes on the accompanying prisoner data: The current area of incarceration.The parole status/eligibility.Maximum or booked discharge date.The framework will exhort you if the guilty party isn't in custodyNotification Calls Enrolled casualties will naturally start accepting PC produced phone warning considers when any of the accompanying happens: The prisoner is discharged from jail having served the court requested term of incarceration.Release from jail subsequent to finishing the restriction bit of the sentence to start a court requested probation period.Upon being paroled from prison.The departure and recover of an inmate.The demise of the detainee while in the care of corrections.Notification calls will be set to the enlisted telephone number each hour. The calls will proceed for a 24-hour time span or until the casualty enters the alloted PIN, affirming the notice procedure has been finished.

How to Write College Admission Essay - Tips to Help You Make Your College Application More Profitable

How to Write College Admission Essay - Tips to Help You Make Your College Application More ProfitableThere are many ways to boost your GPA, but there is no better way to boost your GPA than to write a good essay. Writing a persuasive essay is important, especially if you are applying for a college in the United States. Colleges look at essays to determine if you will be a good fit for their school.Writing a college admission essay does not have to be difficult. You should first learn how to be clear in your thoughts so that your essay does not get tangled up. You should be able to express your strong points with plenty of examples. Your writer's guide is here.Writing an essay can be easy if you are able to pick up tips from others. The best writers use their experiences and knowledge to express themselves. They also take time to evaluate their own writing skills, and this can make them better essay writers.Some tips include: Preparing your own essay is a great way to express yourself . If you know the information you want to include, and you are comfortable with writing it, you will be able to express yourself much better. Plus, if you write an essay yourself, you may be more likely to read it out loud in front of others.Reading what others have written can give you ideas for your personal essay, which can help you determine your point of view. You should also ask for feedback from someone who knows you well so that you can correct any grammatical or spelling errors.One of the most important things to remember when writing an essay is to be specific. You should try to understand the point of the essay, and then tell your story. Do not go on about your life, unless you plan to include this in your essay.Finally, do not forget to include your name in your essay, and be sure to include the date when you met, and your reason for meeting. This gives readers some idea of your relationship, which can help with your essay's purpose.Good luck! Use the tips in this articl e to write your essay and create your very own college acceptance letter.

‘Of Mice and Men’ by john Steinbeck and ‘The Withered Arm’ by Thomas Hardy Essay

Purposes of examination between ‘Of Mice and Men’ by john Steinbeck and ‘The Withered Arm’ by Thomas Hardy. Incorporate social and verifiable setting, setting, plot, characters, topic and language. ‘The Withered Arm’ composed by Thomas Hardy and ‘Of Mice and Men’ composed by John Steinbeck have numerous distinctions in their social and chronicled foundation yet likenesses can be seen between the two. Of Mice and Men’ is set in Soledad, California during America’s incredible wretchedness in the 1930’s. Transport was altogether different at that point, the vast majority went around by walking or by horseback. There were transports yet not many of them and in the event that you were several ‘bindle stiffs’ like George and Lennie you never got a full ride or taken to where you needed to go. A train were accessible however for individuals like George and Lennie stowing away in freight cars and riding for nothing was progressively normal. As it was during the incredible sadness numerous organizations failed and numerous individuals lost their positions. This was the explanation that numerous individuals, including George and Lennie, went around such a great amount of searching for work. Work was for the most part found on homesteads and farms however pay was practically nothing. Wages were $50 every month with nourishment and settlement included. Anyway the convenience was essential, they were collective bunkhouses so George and Lennie and any other person had little security. Occupations on the farm weren’t that marvelous either, ‘barley bucking’ was the most well-known then there were skinners, stable bucks and swappers. There were barely any business rights and no employer stability on the grounds that when an occupation was done specialists were simply dropped and needed to proceed onward to secure different positions in different spots. Indeed, even through all the work there was a lot of amusement. Wagering and betting were extremely well known, any possibility they needed to play a round of pony shoes or a round of cards they would more than likely consistently have a wagered on each game. At the point when they had enough cash they would go into the neighborhood town for two or three beverages in ‘cat houses’. Discipline for any wrongdoing submitted was serious, yet there was no genuine law. Assume control over appeared in the story when Lennie slaughtered Curley’s spouse and Curley went out to shoot Lennie and it wouldn’t matter, † ‘ I’m going to get him. I’m going for my shotgun. I’ll execute the enormous bastard myself’ † ‘The Withered Arm’ is set in holmstoke in Wessex in the mid 1800’s. Holmstoke is an exceptionally detached little town and is just joined to Anglebury, a close to town, by a truck track. Transport in those days was considerably more crude than in ‘Of Mice and Men’. Individuals for the most part went by foot and by pony and truck along soil tracks, as there were no appropriate streets. Practically everybody was working class as the main employm ents extremely accessible were on ranches and land. Dairy and animal cultivating was famous. The ranches were claimed by wealthier ranchers that utilized the nearby individuals to do the cultivating and dairy work. The wages were 37p every week, which simply like in ‘Of Mice and Men’ is practically nothing. The ladies did the draining in the dairies and juice making and the men did the gathering, much the same as in ‘Of Mice and Men’, trimming and wood cutting however simply like in ‘Of Mice and Men’ there was little employer stability and scarcely any business rights. Diversion was as yet a major piece of people’s lives. The ranchers had house social affairs and even, harking back to the 1800’s drinking was as yet well known as in ‘Of Mice and Men’. Neighborhood groups were frequently reserved for customary moves and celebrations. They observed Christmas with little plays from house to house. You could likewise take a brief trip and see a balancing when there was one and buy a piece of the rope utilized. Disc iplines for even little wrongdoings like robbery could be deserving of death. There were basically no lawful rights for anybody in the working class and if u were simply thought to be liable of a wrongdoing you could in any case be hanged for it and you weren’t allowed to substantiate yourself honest. The settings for these two stories are very comparable despite the fact that both are set in various nations and years separated. In ‘Of Mice and Men’ a dream of the spot is plainly depicted. It is determined to a rustic homestead that ‘bucks barley’. The nearby town is Soledad where the men discovered a portion of their diversion. Steinbeck makes the setting sound uncovered and desolate and depicts the possibility that the homestead is cut off and especially on its own well overall. The valley is portrayed well and is depicted as open and free, â€Å"On one side of the stream the brilliant foot slope inclines bend up to the solid and rough Gabilian Mountains, yet on the valley side the water is fixed with trees†. There is a ‘brush’ in this story, which Steinbeck makes reference to unmistakably, â€Å"The sycamore leaves turned up their silversides, the earthy colored, dry leaves on the ground scudded a couple feet†. Cultivating is a major part in every story too, despite the fact that the ranches themselves are extraordinary, the various sorts of wide open spaces are both portrayed well by one another in their own well. In ‘The Withered Arm’ an away from of it’s setting is additionally given. This story is additionally set in and around farmland yet this ranch is a dairy ranch not at all like the one in ‘Of Mice and Men’. The setting in this story anyway is a lot greener with all the more a run of the mill English open country. It is set only outside of Holmstoke and is encircled by Egdon Heath, which is portrayed as infertile moorland, â€Å"their course lay separated from the others to a forlorn spot high over the water-meads and not a long way from the fringe of Egdon Heath, whose dull face was noticeable in the distance†. This makes the spot sound exceptionally cut off and forlorn similarly as in ‘Of Mice and Men’. In ‘The Withered Arm’ dairy cultivating overwhelms and is the fundamental method for working and living simply like in ‘Of Mice and Men’ where yield cultivating is the principle method for working and living. In every one of the tales there are likenesses in the plots. In ‘Of Mice and Men†™ Lennie and George are two incomers to the ranch where the story is based. They are laborers that make a trip around to look for some kind of employment in better places and to gat some cash. They show up directly not far off from the ranch as the transport driver will not drive them any further. They are there to fill in as ‘barley buckers’ which is essentially the most minimal position of specialist. Their greeting to the homestead from different specialists wasn’t that charming in light of the fact that to them Lennie and George were simply one more pair of passers by. At the point when they originally showed up all they got was a † ‘ The manager was expectin’ you last night’ † different specialists were somewhat inquisitive about George and Lennie on the grounds that regularly men travel around all alone so they thought there was something dubious going off between them,† ‘say-what you sellin’?’ † In ‘Of Mice and Men’ Curley’s hand gets broken. Curley incites Lennie and starts hitting him, Lennie is actually quite delicate however he grasps Curley’s hand and presses it until he winds up breaking each bone, † Looks to me like ever’ bone in his hanâ₠¬â„¢ is bust†. Additionally in the two stories there is a miserable marriage. In ‘Of Mice and Men’ the miserable marriage is the marriage of Curley and his better half. She’s thought of so little that she isn’t even given a name. She discloses to Lennie how she just wedded Curley on the bounce back to escape from her mom, † Well, I wasn’t going to remain no spot where I couldn’t get no place or make a big deal about myself, an’ where they took your letters. So I wedded Curley. Met him out to the Riverside Dance Palace that equivalent night† Curley doesn’t appear to give that much consideration to her or care about her, as he doesn’t waver to go to the ‘cat house’ around with all the folks and leave her all alone. In ‘The Withered Arm’ the incomer in this story is Gertrude. She enters the story as Farmer Lodges new spouse. Dissimilar to Lennie and George, Gertrude enters the story at the highest point of the social scale. Be that as it may, similar to George and Lennie she additionally doesn’t get the most amiable of invites and all the towns are extremely i nquisitive about her on her appearance, † ‘Well, did you see her?’ â€Å". In ‘The Withered Arm’ there is additionally a physical issue yet this one is altogether different to the one in ‘Of Mice and Men’. This injury has an unusual, paranormal importance to it as the fantasy Rhoda had about hitting Gertrude’s arm bafflingly works out when a hand mark shows up on her arm and it begins to shrink, â€Å"She revealed her left arm, and their framework stood up to Rhoda’s look as the specific unique of the appendage she had viewed and seized in her dream†. In this story there is likewise a miserable marriage of Gertrude and Farmer Lodge. Toward the start of the story they appear to be an upbeat couple in adoration however he just truly considers her to be is pretty young lady to go on his arm, â€Å"you must hope to be gazed at exactly from the outset, my pretty Gertrude†. When Gertrude gets stamped and her arm starts to wilt, Farmer Lodge starts to free intrigue. As Gertrude becomes defective the marriage starts to self-destruct, â€Å"‘six years off marriage and just a couple of long stretches of love’ † The female characters in the two stories have numerous distinctions through how they live yet a few likenesses can be made between the three. In ‘Of Mice and Men’ the female character is Curley’s spouse. She is depicted as youthful and pretty however she despises the existence she

The Tallest, Oldest, Heaviest, and Most Massive Trees

Katsa Bag Production - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 14 Words: 4162 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/09/25 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Work Measurement on Katsa Bag Production (Gifts and Graces: Cainta, Rizal) I. Rationale Environmental issues and problems started to arise last decade. Awareness and drive to solve these problems has grown to 89% (NIHERST, 2008) since  2008. This has resulted to different campaigns and movements such as the Earth Hour Campaign, where everyone is encouraged to switch off household lights for an hour and the birth of eco-friendly products into the market. One of the most in demand and popular eco-friendly products is the cloth or katsa bags. Several big companies such as Rustan’s and SM have invested and promoted the use of this product not only because of its earth friendly feature but also due to the convenience and cost-saving advantage it gives to them and to their customers. Katsa bags have widened its range of usability. Before it is only used when people go to wet markets. Now, it is seen and used not only in supermarkets but in high end malls and places as w ell. With the continuous expansion of its market and increasing demand,  production of katsa bags is now seen  as a critical process as its production cost and market value is now a concern of the public. II. Problem Statement Without an existing time standard for the production of katsa bags, the management allocates extensive time allowance for the completion of job orders. This results to excessive avoidable delays taken by the workers. III. Objectives This study is an application of the theories learned in the IE32: Methods Engineering Class. It aims to utilize the problem solving tools  and work measurement techniques  discussed in the course. Moreover, this study intends to help Tahanang Walang Hagdanan by accomplishing the following specific objectives: * To improve the productivity and efficiency of Tahanan Walang Hagdanans katsa bag production   * To determine the time standard for producing a katsa bag using time study * To improve systems and procedures fo r selected processes IV. Scope and Limitations PRODUCT SCOPE The study focuses on the processes involve in the manufacturing of Tahanang Walang Hagdanans katsa bags. Since there are different varieties of katsa bags, production of Antipolo katsa bags will be the premiere focus. TIME STANDARD SCOPE Even though Antipolo katsa bag production will be observed in this study, standard time for all the all other processes except silkscreening will be applicable for other katsa bag variety with the same dimensions. Silkscreening is the source of variation as different imprints are processed in different durations. SILKSCREEN PROCESS LIMITATION Different customers require different imprints on the katsa bags. The time it takes to produce patterns differ depending on the number of colors that will be seen on the imprint. A pattern can be reused once it has been created. Returning customers with the same imprint design do not need to be prepared a new silkscreen template. Since Antipolo katsa bag is a returning customer, creation of the silkscreen template will not be observed by this study. V. Methodology The group conducted visits to the actual site of katsa bag production in Cainta. Interviews with the operations director, Lita Evangelista, marketing officer, Lolit Tuazon and sewing department supervisor, Leizel Tabocolde, were done every visit to familiarize the process and to be aware of the problems that they encounter. The actual operators were also asked about their assigned tasks. Basic questions such as how the processes are done, how many operators are involved in the assembly and the like were asked to give the researchers a background on the nature of making katsa bags. Familiarization of the process was done before conducting an actual time study on the operators. The current system was documented by means of flowcharting. Moreover, problem solving tools were used to identify the sources of production inefficiencies and to recognize where to focus in solving the above mentioned problem. Time study was the work measurement tool used to determine the standard time for producing a bag. Through this, the time required for an operator to carry out a specific process was obtained at a defined rate of performance. the group also took into consideration the working conditions during the actual observation and see how these affects the workers performance. VI. Project Documentation COMPANY BACKGROUND Tahanang Walang Hagdanan Inc. is a center that equips the disabled with skills and knowledge for their integration into the mainstream of the society. People in this center are trained in different fields such as metalcraft, woodcraft, needlecraft, information technology, paper-making and packaging. The products produced by these trained workers are sold to local distributors and exported abroad. Tahanang Walang Hagdanan, providing different services and merchandise, is divided into different departments. One of these is the sewing department. Here, different kinds of bags, graduation caps, and doll caps are produced. One of the kinds of bags created in this section is called a katsa bag, also known as eco friendly bag. PROCESS FLOW The production of katsa bag begins by simultaneously preparing the strap and the body of the bag. The strap is prepared by one of the operators by cutting it to its proper length (123 inches) and burning the edges with the use of a candle. Three straps can be produced in one cycle while a strap’s edge is burned on at a time. The body of the bag is simultaneously done with the straps. Preparing the body of the bag can be broken down into 3 sub-processes. First, 3 people layout the fabric for both the main body and the bag’s sidings. For the main body, the katsa cloth is folded several times until it reaches a pile of 25  cloths (Figure 1). One fold measures 87 inches in length. The same process is done for the sidings of the bag but this time, the fabric is fol ded at 85 inches. After layout, the body and siding patterns are traced on the topmost fabric. Four bodies can be produced from an 87-inch fold while twenty sidings are created for the 85-inch fold. Lastly, the fabric is cut by one of the three workers using the cutting machine while the fabric is held in place by the other two (Figure 2). Figure 1. Workers Layout Katsa Cloth Figure 2. Cutting Katsa Cloth for Body The body of the bag is then  silkscreened (Figure 3). The main silkscreen process is done by only a disabled person who consequently has limited movements. For efficiency purposes, assistance is provided to the main operator in the arranging of the printed cloths. Since the bag has two different designs for each side, the printing of the first design on one side is finished first before moving on to the other design. After doing the first print, the fabric is placed on top of a board with an adhesive by a helper. The adhesion of the cloth to the board or wood plate is done in order to maintain alignment of the pattern and print when the second color of a design is imprinted. Given that the second design of this model of katsa bag requires two colors, the first color is applied first before proceeding to the next one. Meanwhile,  the ends of the 123-inch strap are sewn together (Figure 4). Markings are also placed on the middle of the strap for alignment purposes. Meanwhile,  the ends of the 123-inch strap are sewn together (Figure 4). Markings are also placed on the middle of the strap for alignment purposes. When the print on the cloth is dry, markings are drawn on it to identify the spot where the strap is going to be placed (Figure 5). After the strap and body preparations, a running stitch using a high speed machine is done to connect the strap to the body (Figure 6). Once it is done, the sidings are sewn together with the body creating the actual form of the bag. Following this step is the serging of the edges of the fabric using the edging machine (Figure 7). Since the stitches are performed on the wrong side of the fabric, the bags are then inverted and the sides are marked in preparation of making the hemline. The final stitches on the side are made. Figure 6. Sewing the Strap and Body Together Figure 5. Drawing Markings on the Body Figure 7. Serging of Edges For the finishing touches, the bag is trimmed and checked for defects. Once it has already passed quality control, it is now ready to be packed and be delivered to the customer. The complete process flow of katsa bag production is described in the flowchart below (Figure 8). Figure 8. Process Flowchart of Katsa Bag Production WORK DISTRIBUTION | LTC| Silkscreen| Prep| Sew| Finish| Layout| Trace| Cut| 1st Coat (1)| Install| 1st Coat (2)| 2ns Coat (2)| Remove| Cut| Burn| Connect| Mark| mark| Attach| RS| Werge| Invert| Mark| Fold/Hem| Trim| Pack| 1|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 2|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 3|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 4|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 5|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 6|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 7|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 8|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 9|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | à ‚  |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 10|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 11|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 12|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 13|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 14|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 15|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 16|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | Table 1. Work Distribution The needlecraft department of Tahanang Walang Hagdanan is composed of 16 employees. The table above shows the specific work assigned to each worker. This was only based on how the supervisor, Ms. Leizel Tabocolde described her staff. The layout, trace and cut process are done by four people as a group. After these processes are complete, two of them proceed to sewing while the other two have nothing left to do. In the silkscreen process, one person does the main procedure of coating while two assists him with the other sub-steps. After printing, the preparation of the strap, siding and body is done before sewing them together. The majority of the processes in this stage is assigned to a single person. For the sewing part, a total of 11 out of the 16 employees work since 11 hi speed machines are available in the department. Furthermore, only one person does the edging despite the availability of two machines because she is the only one skilled to use it. To illustrate more clear ly the work distribution of the 16 workers, a pie chart was used (Figure 9). Each number described in the legend is a specific worker. It can be observed from this chart that half of the complete process is done by only five workers. Moreover, 8 workers are assigned to work on a quarter of the whole production. Table 2 shows the actual work percentage of each worker. Figure 9. Work Distribution Pie Chart worker| Work distribution percentage| 1| 0. 086207| 2| 0. 086207| | 0. 051724| 4| 0. 051724| 5| 0. 051724| 6| 0. 034483| 7| 0. 034483| 8| 0. 086207| 9| 0. 068966| 10| 0. 068966| 11| 0. 068966| 12| 0. 068966| 13| 0. 068966| 14| 0. 068966| 15| 0. 068966| 16| 0. 034483| Table 2. Work Distribution Percentage VII. Work Measurement Results and Analysis After familiarization of the katsa bag process, the group used the time study method to gather information for the evaluation of the katsa bag operation and to establish time standards. The snapback method was used in timing each of the pro cesses identified in the flowchart (Figure 8). The processes were identified with the help of THW’s sewing department supervisor. The time study observation form found in the appendix shows the data gathered from the examination. For the determination of sample size, the group used the recommended sample size from Niebel’s Methods, Standards, and Work Design book. The book states that for an operation with _____ cycle time ____ cycles are enough. For this reason, ___ cycles were used in the study. Five cycles were taken for each of the following processes: layout, trace, cut (LTC). On the other hand 10 cycles were taken for the remaining processes. Only five observations were taken for LCT because the workers can produce approximately 100 units of the bag during these processes. The allowances for personal needs, basic fatigue, variable fatigue, and special allowances were also taken from the recommended allowance from the Niebel’s book. These allowances w ere given to normal operations. *add duration of time study *add how we got performance rating EFFICIENT BUT NOT PRODUCTIVE Table X shows the summary of the results from the time study that was conducted. Based on the table, each process is performed efficiently by the worker. However during company visits wherein the researchers observed for almost the whole working day, the group observed that even at this efficiency the workers weren’t productive. When the operator starts working on her assigned tasks, she finishes it quickly. However, production time was lengthened/prolonged due to observed avoidable delays. During the period where the processes were timed, the workers performed the tasks continuously but after a while some of the workers didn’t have tasks to accomplish. Process| | | % efficiency| | Layout (body)| 256| 241. 304| 94. 259| 5. 741| Trace (Body)| 146| 141. 848| 97. 156| 2. 844| Cut (Body)| 2044| 2034. 312| 99. 526| . 474| Layout (Side)| 219| 218. 56 8| 99. 803| . 197| Trace (Side)| 132| 128. 688| 97. 491| 2. 509| Cut (Side)| 567| 564. 144| 99. 496| . 504| First Coating (side 1)| 99| 98. 952| 99. 952| . 048| Katsa Installation on Plate| 203| 203. 112| 100. 055| -. 055| First Coating (side 2)| 98| 97. 272| 99. 257| . 743| Second Coating (side 2)| 87| 88. 256| 101. 444| -1. 444| Katsa Removal from Plate| 69| 67. 816| 98. 284| 1. 716| Cut| 141| 140. 56| 99. 330| . 670| Burn Edges| 23| 22. 960| 99. 826| . 174| Connect Ends/Mark| 268| 266. 224| 99. 337| . 663| Marking Body| 1660| 1630. 944| 98. 250| 1. 750| Mark Sidings| 265| 256. 984| 96. 975| 3. 025| Attach Strap| 1686| 1684. 760| 99. 926| . 074| Running Stitch| 1291| 1280. 496| 99. 186| . 814| Serge Side| 459| 451. 696| 98. 409| 1. 591| Invert| 85| 89. 488| 105. 280| -5. 280| Mark Side| 262| 255. 640| 97. 573| 2. 427| Fold/Hem| 1105| 1104. 208| 99. 928| . 072| Top Stitch| 1422| 1415. 400| 99. 536| . 464| Trim| 2483| 2481. 976| 99. 959| . 041| Pack| 505| 497. 784| 98. 571| 1. 429| STREAM DIAGNOSTIC CHART| Man| Method| Management| Overtime Last minute production High idle time Undermanned Processes Low quality control Excessive avoidable delays Hiring of extra workers Extended production process | | | Following the flow of the cause and effect arrows in the stream diagnostic chart (Figure 10), it can be observed that the most number of outgoing arrows comes from excessive avoidable delays. This indicates that having too many avoidable interruptions in the method of making katsa bags causes majority of the problems. The presence of too much avoidable delays causes the high idle time of workers. This consequently leads to last minute production for meeting their customer’s deadlines. Moreover, cramming the production of the bags causes the employees to work overtime and this in turn will be the reason for low quality control; since while chasing their deadline, it is highly probable that their skill of making the bags will be of poorer quality. Beca use of the existence of these problems, one of the actions taken by the management is the hiring of extra workers which just adds to labor cost. Furthermore, extension of the production process is also a step done by the management as an effect of excessive avoidable delays. From the stream diagnostic chart, it was identified that the main problem in the production of the katsa bags is too much avoidable delays. The root causes of this problem were determined using the ishikawa diagram above. There are three main categories in which these factors fall under: management, human and methods. I. Management a. Extensive allowances for production process The management treats the normal? workers the same way they do with the disabled workers thus giving them extra allowances. b. Lack of supervision c. Improper work distribution The weights of work of workers are not evenly distributed. Some workers have too many tasks as compared to their co-workers. d. Lack of policies In the current system, there no? are strict policies regarding proper work execution and time management. e. Ineffective scheduling II. Human f. Lack of discipline During work hours, the workers are continuously communicating with each other. g. Lack of responsibility During the entire production process for a specific job order, there are workers who do not go to work for several days and just work during crunch time. (there are workers who do not go to work for several days and who just works when the deadline is near) III. Methods h. No standard time per process Workers are free to carry out their work on their own paces as they finish the required job orders. i. Undermanned stations With uneven work distributions, there are processes that lack manpower j. Processes not performed continuously Since the allowances given are too much, workers tend to stop every now and then to take a break even if a task in not yet done k. Dependent on the available number of workers Not all the workers go to work all the time thus the number of processes performed are limited to the ability and number of those who came. Insert Pareto chart Figure 13. Gantt Chart The gantt chart (Figure 13) is used to give an overview of the tasks that should be done simultaneously. Moreover, it shows which among these processes have relative short and long processing times. The time index used is neither the conventional hours of a day nor days of a week. Instead, the time index in Figure 13 is the fraction of minutes of a single cycle. This is because Tahanan Walang Hagdanan does not follow a standardized scheduling of work. Workers and operators start their workday based on the unfinished task the previous day. Based on the gantt chart, preliminary processes of the cloth and strap are independent of each other as they can be performed without the output of the other. Folding of the layout and tracing, cutting, silk-screening and marking of the cloth should be done at the same time with cutting, edge burning, stitching and marking of the strap. Ensuring that these processes are performed in order avoids delays and pile up of unwanted inventory. Delays are probable to happen if succeeding processes do not occur because of unfinished outputs from the succeeding processes. This will also cause idle time for the workers of the succeeding processes as they will have no material no work on. Moreover, pile up of unwanted inventory will happen if either of the two preparatory processes is not executed on time. This will cause an additional liability since there will be a need to temporary store these inventory. Furthermore, evident in the gantt chart as well is the short processing time involving the inverting of the bag. This process is done by another operator different from the operator from the preceding and succeeding processes. This is a potential area of improvement as this process can be merged to either the preceding or succeeding process. Difficulty of performing this task is at minimum as no specialization and training is needed to complete it. Implementation Plan Figure X shows the group’s suggested implementation plan if the recommendations were to be carried out by Tahanang Walang Hagdanan. APPENDIX LTC Time Study Observation Form| Study No: 1| Date: March 11, 2010| Page: 1 of 2| | Operation: LTC| Operator:| Observer:| Element No. and Description| Layout (Body)| Trace (Body)| Cut (Body)| Layout (Side)| | | | | | Note | Cycle| R| W| OT| NT| R| W| OT| NT| R| W| OT| NT| R| W| OT| NT|   | 1| 80%|   | 53| 42. 4| 95%|   | 27| 25. 65| 90%|   | 400| 360| 75%|   | 52| 39|   | 2| 90%|   | 47| 42. 3| 75%|   | 34| 25. 5| 90%|   | 415| 373. 5| 90%|   | 43| 38. 7|   | 3| 100%|   | 44| 44| 105%|   | 24| 25. 2| 85%|   | 422| 358. 7| 90%|   | 44| 39. 6|   | 4| 75%|   | 57| 42. 75| 85%|   | 30| 25. 5| 95%|   | 382| 362. | 95%|   | 43| 40. 85|   | 5| 80%|   | 55| 44| 80%|   | 31| 24. 8| 85%|   | 425| 361 . 3| 100%|   | 37| 37|   | 6|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 7|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 8|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 9|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 10|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | |   | Summary| Total OT| 256| 146| 2044| 219| Rating|   |   |   |   | Total NT| 215. 45| 126. 65| 1816. 35| 195. 15| No. Observations| 5| 5| 5| 5| Average NT| 43. 09| 25. 33| 363. 27| 39. 03| % Allowance| 12%| 12%| 12%| 12%| Elemental Std. Time| 48. 2608| 28. 3696| 406. 8624| 43. 7136| No. f Occurences| 5| 5| 5| 5| Standard Time| 241. 304| 141. 848| 2034. 312| 218. 568| Total Standard Time (sum standard time for all elements):| 3329| Foreign El ements| Time Check| Allowance Summary| Sym| W1| W2| OT| Description| Finishing Time| 2:32:50 PM| Personal Needs| 3| A| 0| 5| 5| checked| Starting Time| 1:35:50 PM| Basic Fatigue| 2| B| 0| 3| 3| stopped| Elapsed Time| 57 mins| Variable Fatigue| 3| C| 0| 3| 3| stuck| TEBS| 0. 3|   | Special| 1| D| 0| 6| 6| checked| TEAF| 0. 3| | Total Allowance| 9| E| 0| 4| 4| stuck| Total Check Time| 0. 6| | Remarks:| F| 0| 3| 3| checked| Effective Time| 3364| | | G|   |   |   |   | Ineffective Time| 24| | | H|   |   |   |   | Total Recorded Time| 3388| | I|   |   |   |   | Unaccounted Time| 0| | J|   |   |   |   | Recording Error %|   | | Rating Check|   | | Synthetic Time|   |   | | | Observed Time|   | | | | Time Study Observation Form| Study No: 1| Date:| Page: 2 of 2| | Operation: LTC| Operator:| Observer| Element No. and Description| Trace (Side)| Cut (Side)|   |   | | | | | | Note | Cycle| R| W| OT| NT| R| W| OT| NT| R| W| OT| NT| R| W| OT| NT |   | 1| 95%|   | 24| 22. 8| 90%|   | 114| 102. 6|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 2| 100%|   | 23| 23| 95%|   | 104| 98. 8|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 3| 80%|   | 29| 23. 2| 85%|   | 116| 98. 6|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 4| 90%|   | 26| 23. | 85%|   | 120| 102|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 5| 75%|   | 30| 22. 5| 90%|   | 113| 101. 7|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 6|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 7|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 8|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 9|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 10|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |    |   |   |   |   |   |   | Summary| Total OT| 132| 567|   |   | Rating|   |   |   |   | Total NT| 114. 9| 503. 7|   |   | No. Observations| 5| 5|   |   | Average NT| 22. 98| 100. 74|   |   | % Allowance| 12%| 12%|   |   | Elemental Std. Time| 25. 7376| 112. 8288|   |   | No. of Occurences| 5| 5|   |   | Standard Time| 128. 688| 564. 144|   |   | Total Standard Time (sum standard time for all elements):|   |   | Foreign Elements| Time Check| Allowance Summary| Sym| W1| W2| OT| Description| Finishing Time|   | Personal Needs|   | A|   |   |   |   | Starting Time|   | Basic Fatigue|   | B|   |   |   |   | Elapsed Time|   | Variable Fatigue|   | C|   |   |   |   | TEBS|   |   | Special|   | D|   |   |   |   | TEAF|   | | Total Allowance|   | E|   |   |   |   | Total Check Time|   | | Remarks:| F|   |   |   |   | Effective Time|   | | | G|   |   |   |   | Ineffective Time|   | | | H|   |   |   |   | Total Recorded Time|   | | I|   |   |   |   | Unaccounted Time|   | | J|   |   |   |   | Recording Error %|   | | Rating Check|   | | Synthetic Time|   |   | | | Observed Time|   | | | | Silkscreen Time Study Observation Form| Study No: 1| Date: March 12, 2010| Page: 1 of 2| | Operation: Silkscreening| Operator:| Observer| Element No. and Description| First Coating (side 1)| Katsa Installation on Plate| First Coating (side 2)| Second Coating (side 2)| | | | | | Note | Cycle| R| W| OT| NT| R| W| OT| NT| R| W| OT| NT| R| W| OT| NT|   | 1| 105%|   | 8| 8. 4| 80%|   | 23| 18. 4| 95%|   | 9| 8. 55| 90%|   | 9| 8. 1|   | 2| 95%|   | 9| 8. 55| 80%|   | 23| 18. 4| 80%|   | 11| 8. 8| 80%|   | 10| 8|   | 3| 90%|   | 10| 9| 90%|   | 21| 18. 9| 85%|   | 10| 8. 5| 100%|   | 8| 8|   | 4| 90%|   | 10| 9| 120%|   | 15| 18| 90%|   | 10| 9| 105%|   | 7| 7. 35|   | 5| 80%|   | 11| 8. 8| 105%|   | 17| 17. 85| 80%|   | 11| 8. 8| 75%|   | 11| 8. 5|   | 6| 90%|   | 10| 9| 75%|   | 24| 18| 90%|   | 10| 9| 100%|   | 8| 8|   | 7| 80%|   | 11| 8. 8| 110%|   | 16| 17. 6| 90%|   | 10| 9| 115%|   | 6| 6. 9|   | 8| 80%|   | 11| 8. 8| 80%|   | 22| 17. 6| 95%|   | 9| 8. 55| 90%|   | 9| 8. 1|   | 9| 100%|   | 9| 9| 75%|   | 25| 18. 75| 95%|   | 9| 8. 55| 90%|   | 9| 8. 1|   | 10| 90%|   | 10| 9| 105%|   | 17| 17. 85| 90%|   | 9| 8. 1| 80%|   | 10| 8| Summary| Total OT| 99| 203| 98| 87| Rating|   |   |   |   | Total NT| 88. 35| 181. 35| 86. 85| 78. 8| No. Observations| 10| 10| 10| 10| Average NT| 8. 835| 18. 135| 8. 685| 7. 88| % Allowance| 12%| 12%| 12%| 12%| Elemental Std. Time| 9. 8952| 20. 3112| 9. 7272| 8. 8256| No. of Occurences| 10| 10| 10| 10| Standard Time| 98. 952| 203. 112| 97. 272| 88. 256| Total Standard Time (sum standard time for all elements):| 555| Foreign Elements| Time Check | Allowance Summary| Sym| W1| W2| OT| Description| Finishing Time| 10:12:00 AM| Personal Needs| 3| A| 0| 5| 5| check, compare| Starting Time| 8:42:30 AM| Basic Fatigue| 2| B| 0| 73| 73| stuck| Elapsed Time| 89. 5 mins| Variable Fatigue| 3| C| 0| 6| 6| check alignment| TEBS| 0. 7|   | Special| 1| D| 0| 6| 6| remove thread| TEAF| 0. 3| | Total Allowance| 9| E| 0| 8| 8| remove thread| Total Check Time| 1| | Remarks:| F| 0| 45| 45| remove thread| Effective Time| 556| | | G| 0| 3| 3| talk| Ineffective Time| 157| | | H| 0| 4| 4| talk| Total Recorded Time| 713| | I| 0| 3| 3| talk| Unaccounted Time| 0| | J| 0| 4| 4| talk| Recording Error %|   | | Rating Check|   | | Synthetic Time|   |   | | | Observed Time|   | | | | Time Study Observation Form| Study No: 1| Date: March 12, 2010| Page: 2 of 2| | Operation: Silkscreening| Operator:| Observer| Element No. and Description| Katsa Removal from Plate|   |   |   | | | | | | Note | Cycle| R| W| OT| NT| R| W| OT| NT| R| W| OT| NT| R| W| OT| NT|   | 1| 65%|   | 10| 6. 5|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 2| 110%|   | 5| 5. 5|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 3| 100%|   | 6| 6|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 4| 85%|   | 7| 5. 95|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 5| 90%|   | 7| 6. 3|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 6| 90%|   | 7| 6. |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 7| 100%|   | 6| 6|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 8| 95%|   | 6| 5. 7|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 9| 75%|   | 8| 6|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 10| 90%|   | 7| 6. 3|   |   |   |   |   |   | |   | à ‚  |   | |   | Summary| Total OT| 69|   |   |   | Rating|   |   |   |   | Total NT| 60. 55|   |   |   | No. Observations| 12|   |   |   | Average NT| 6. 055|   |   |   | % Allowance| 12%|   |   |   | Elemental Std. Time| 6. 7816|   |   |   | No. of Occurences| 10|   |   |   | Standard Time| 67. 816|   |   |   | Total Standard Time (sum standard time for all elements):| |   | Foreign Elements| Time Check| Allowance Summary| Sym| W1| W2| OT| Description| Finishing Time|   | Personal Needs|   | A|   |   |   |   | Starting Time|   | Basic Fatigue|   | B|   |   |   |   | Elapsed Time|   | Variable Fatigue|   | C|   |   |   |   | TEBS|   |   | Special|   | D|   |   |   |   | TEAF|   | | Total Allowance|   | E|   |   |   |   | Total Check Time|   | | Remarks:| F|   |   |   |   | Effective Time|   | | | G|   |   |   |   | Ineffective Time|   | | | H|   |   |   |   | Total Recorded Time|   | | I|   |   |   |   | Unaccounted Time|   | | J|   |   |   |   | Recording Error %|   | | Rating Check|   | | Synthetic Time|   |   | | | Observed Time|   | | | | Bag preparation Time Study Observation Form| Study No: 1| Date: March 12, 2010| Page: 1 of 2| | Operation: Preparation| Operator:| Observer| Element No. and Description| Cut| Burn Edges| Connect Ends/Mark| Marking Body| | | | | | Note | Cycle| R| W| OT| NT| R| W| OT| NT| R| W| OT| NT| R| W| OT| NT|   | 1| 90%|   | 14| 12. 6| 90%|   | 2| 1. 8| 85%|   | 28| 23. 8| 85%|   | 171| 145. 4|   | 2| 95%|   | 13| 12. 35| 80%|   | 3| 2. 4| 100%|   | 22| 22| 90%|   | 164| 147. 6|   | 3| 80%|   | 16| 12. 8| 110%|   | 2| 2. 2| 95%|   | 26| 24. 7| 85%|   | 172| 146. 2|   | 4| 85%|   | 14| 11. 9| 100%|   | 2| 2| 85%|   | 29| 24. 65| 95%|   | 153| 145. 4|   | 5| 90%|   | 13| 11. 7| 105%|   | 2| 2. 1| 100%| à ‚  | 24| 24| 75%|   | 193| 144. 8|   | 6| 90%|   | 14| 12. 6| 70%|   | 3| 2. 1| 75%|   | 31| 23. 25| 100%|   | 145| 145|   | 7| 85%|   | 15| 12. 5| 100%|   | 2| 2| 85%|   | 28| 23. 8| 90%|   | 155| 139. 5|   | 8| 100%|   | 13| 13| 95%|   | 2| 1. 9| 80%|   | 29| 23. 2| 95%|   | 156| 148. 2|   | 9| 90%|   | 14| 12. 6| 95%|   | 2| 1. 9| 90%|   | 27| 24. 3| 75%|   | 196| 147|   | 10| 85%|   | 15| 12. 75| 70%|   | 3| 2. 1| 100%|   | 24| 24| 95%|   | 155| 147. 3| Summary| Total OT| 141| 23| 268| 1660| Rating|   |   |   |   | Total NT| 125. 05| 20. 5| 237. 7| 1456. 2| No. Observations| 10| 10| 10| 10| Average NT| 12. 505| 2. 05| 23. 77| 145. 62| % Allowance| 12%| 12%| 12%| 12%| Elemental Std. Time| 14. 0056| 2. 296| 26. 6224| 163. 0944| No. of Occurences| 10| 10| 10| 10| Standard Time| 140. 056| 22. 960| 266. 224| 1630. 944| Total Standard Time (sum standard time for all elements):| 2317| Foreign Elements| Time Check| Allowance Summary| Sym| W1| W2| OT| Description| Finishing Time| 2:35:30 PM| Personal Needs| 3| A| 0| 14| 14| check alignment| Starting Time| 11:02:30 PM| Basic Fatigue| 2| B| 0| 53| 53| fixed katsa, stopped| Elapsed Time| 153 mins| Variable Fatigue| 3| C| 0| 62| 62| talked, stopped| TEBS| 0. 3|   | Special| 1| D| 0| 7| 7| blown small fire| TEAF| 0. 4| | Total Allowance| 9| E| 0| 45| 45| fixed katsa| Total Check Time| 0. 7| | Remarks:| F|   |   |   |   | Effective Time| 2357| | | G|   |   |   |   | Ineffective Time| 181| | | H|   |   |   |   | Total Recorded Time| 2538| | I|   |   |   |   | Unaccounted Time| 0| | J|   |   |   |   | Recording Error %|   | | Rating Check|   | | Synthetic Time|   |   | | | Observed Time|   | | | | Time Study Observation Form| Study No: 1| Date: March 12, 2010| Page: 2 of 2| | Operation: Preparation| Operator:| Observer| Element No. and Description| Mark Sidings|   |   |   | | | | | | Note | Cycle| R| W| OT| NT| R| W| OT| NT| R| W| OT| NT| R| W| OT| NT|   | 1| 95%|   | 24| 22. 8|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 2| 100%|   | 23| 23|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 3| 80%|   | 29| 23. 2|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 4| 90%|   | 26| 23. 4|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 5| 75%|   | 31| 23. 25|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 6| 90%|   | 25| 22. |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 7| 85%|   | 26| 22. 1|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 8| 75%|   | 31| 23. 25|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 9| 100%|   | 23| 23| |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 10| 85%|   | 27| 22. 95|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | Summary| Total OT| 265|   |   |   | Rating|   |   |   |   | Total NT| 229. 45|   |   |   | No. Observations| 10|   |   |   | Average NT| 22. 945|   |   |   | % Allowance| 12%|   |   |   | Elemental Std. Time| 25. 6984|   |   |   | No. of Occurences| 10|   |   |   | Standard Time| 256. 984|   |   |   | Total Standard Time (sum standard time for all elements):| |   | Foreign Elements| Time Check| Allowance Summary| Sym| W1| W2| OT| Description| Finishing Time|   | Personal Needs|   | A|   |   |   |   | Starting Time|   | Basic Fatigue|   | B|   |   |   |   | Elapsed Time|   | Variable Fatigue|   | C|   |   |   |   | TEBS|   |   | Special|   | D|   |   |   |   | TEAF|   | | Total Allowance|   | E|   |   |   |   | Total Check Time|   | | Remarks:| F|   |   |   |   | Effective Time|   | | | G|   |   |   |   | Ineffective Time|   | | | H|   |   |   |   | Total Recorded Time|   | | I|   |   |   |   | Unaccounted Time|   | | J|   |   |   |   | Recording Error %|   | | Rating Check|   | | Synthetic Time|   |   | | | Observed Time|   | | | | Sewing Time Study Observation Form| Study No: 1| Date: March 12, 2010| Page: 1 of 2| | Operation: Sewing| Operator:| Observer| Element No. and Description| Attach Strap| Running Stitch| Serge Side| Invert| | | | | | Note | Cycle| R| W| OT| NT| R| W| OT| NT| R| W| OT| NT| R| W| OT| NT|   | 1| 95%|   | 161| 153| 70%|   | 164| 114. 8| 100%|   | 40| 40| 90%|   | 9| 8. 1|   | 2| 95%|   | 156| 148. 2| 75%|   | 153| 114. 8| 90%|   | 44| 39. 6| 70%|   | 11| 7. 7|   | 3| 85%|   | 172| 146. 2| 85%|   | 135| 114. 8| 100%|   | 41| 41| 100%|   | 8| 8|   | 4| 100%|   | 153| 153| 75%|   | 153| 114. 8| 75%|   | 54| 40. 5| 115%|   | 7| 8. 05|   | 5| 80%|   | 193| 154. 4| 115%|   | 97| 111. 6| 90%|   | 43| 38. 7| 65%|   | 12| 7. 8|   | 6| 105%|   | 145| 152. 3| 85%|   | 141| 119. 9| 85%|   | 48| 40. 8| 135%|   | 6| 8. 1|   | 7| 70%|   | 200| 140| 110%|   | 103| 113. 3| 90%|   | 46| 41. 4| 90%|   | 9| 8. 1|   | 8| 100%|   | 156| 156| 75%|   | 154| 115. 5| 85%|   | 48| 40. | 100%|   | 8| 8|   | 9| 75%|   | 195| 146. 3| 115%|   | 103| 118. 5| 90%|   | 45| 40. 5| 100%|   | 8| 8|   | 10| 100%|   | 155| 155| 120%|   | 88| 105. 6| 80%|   | 50| 40| 115%|   | 7| 8. 05| Summary| Total OT| 1686| 1291| 459| 85| Rating|   |   |   |   | Total NT| 1504. 25| 1143. 3| 403. 3| 79. 9| No. Observations| 10| 10| 11| 12| Average NT| 150. 425| 114. 33| 40. 33| 7. 99| % Allowance| 12%| 12%| 12%| 12%| Elemental Std. Time| 168. 476| 128. 0496| 45. 1696| 8. 9488| No. of Occurences| 10| 10| 10| 10| Standard Time| 1684. 760| 1280. 496| 451. 696| 89. 488| Total Standard Time (sum standard time for all elements):| 4866| Foreign Elements| Time Check| Allowance Summary| Sym| W1| W2| OT| Description| Finishing Time| 4:05:50 PM| Personal Needs| 3| A| 0| 4| 4| fixed strap| Starting Time| 2:40:20 AM| Basic Fatigue| 2| B| 0| 4| 4| aligned strap| Elapsed Time| 85. 3 mins| Variable Fatigue| 3| C| 0| 6| 6| fixed strap| TEBS| 1. 8|   | Special| 1| D| 0| 12| 12| changed thread| TEAF| 1. 2| | Total Allowance| 9| E| 0| 8| 8| measured fold| Total Check Time| 3| | Remarks:| F| 0| 7| 7| checked stitch| Effective Time| 4888| | | G| 0| 5| 5| fixed thread| Ineffective Time| 52| | | H| 0| 6| 6| stopped| Total Recorded Time| 4940| | I|   |   |   |   | Unaccounted Time|   | | J|   |   |   |   | Recording Error %|   | | Rating Check|   | | Synthetic Time|   |   | | | Observed Time|   | | | | Time Study Observation Form| Study No: 1| Date: March 12, 2010| Page: 2 of 2| | Operation: Sewing| Operator:| Observer| Element No. and Description| Mark Side| Fold/He m| Top Stitch|   | | | | | | Note | Cycle| R| W| OT| NT| R| W| OT| NT| R| W| OT| NT| R| W| OT| NT|   | 1| 95%|   | 24| 22. 8| 85%|   | 114| 96. 9| 80%|   | 156| 124. 8|   |   |   |   |   | 2| 100%|   | 23| 23| 95%|   | 104| 98. 8| 80%|   | 164| 131. 2|   |   |   |   |   | 3| 80%|   | 29| 23. 2| 85%|   | 116| 98. 6| 85%|   | 147| 125|   |   |   |   |   | 4| 85%|   | 26| 22. 1| 80%|   | 120| 96| 85%|   | 152| 129. 2|   |   |   |   |   | 5| 80%|   | 30| 24| 85%|   | 113| 96. 05| 85%|   | 152| 129. 2|   |   |   |   |   | 6| 90%|   | 25| 22. 5| 90%|   | 109| 98. 1| 90%|   | 134| 120. |   |   |   |   |   | 7| 85%|   | 26| 22. 1| 95%|   | 105| 99. 75| 100%|   | 127| 127|   |   |   |   |   | 8| 75%|   | 30| 22. 5| 100%|   | 101| 101| 100%|   | 126| 126|   |   |   |   |   | 9| 105%|   | 22| 23. 1| 90%|   | 110| 99| 95%|   | 134| 127. 3|   |   |   | à ‚  |   | 10| 85%|   | 27| 22. 95| 90%|   | 113| 101. 7| 95%|   | 130| 123. 5|   |   |   |   | Summary| Total OT| 262| 1105| 1422|   | Rating|   |   |   |   | Total NT| 228. 25| 985. 9| 1263. 75|   | No. Observations| 10| 10| 10|   | Average NT| 22. 825| 98. 59| 126. 375|   | % Allowance| 12%| 12%| 12%|   | Elemental Std. Time| 25. 564| 110. 4208| 141. 54|   | No. of Occurences| 10| 10| 10|   | Standard Time| 255. 640| 1104. 208| 1415. 400|   | Total Standard Time (sum standard time for all elements):| |   | Foreign Elements| Time Check| Allowance Summary| Sym| W1| W2| OT| Description| Finishing Time|   | Personal Needs|   | A|   |   |   |   | Starting Time|   | Basic Fatigue|   | B|   |   |   |   | Elapsed Time|   | Variable Fatigue|   | C|   |   |   |   | TEBS|   |   | Special|   | D|   |   |   |   | TEAF|   | | Total Allowance|   | E|   |   |   |   | Total Check Time|   | | Remarks:| F|   |   |   |   | Effective Time|   | | | G|   |   |   |   | Ineffective Time|   | | | H|   |   |   |   | Total Recorded Time|   | | I|   |   |   |   | Unaccounted Time|   | | J|   |   |   |   | Recording Error %|   | | Rating Check|   | | Synthetic Time|   |   | | | Observed Time|   | | | | Finishing Time Study Observation Form| Study No: 1| Date: March 12, 2010| Page: 1 of 2| | Operation: Finishing| Operator:| Observer| Element No. and Description| Trim| Pack|   |   | | | | | | Note | Cycle| R| W| OT| NT| R| W| OT| NT|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 1| 105%|   | 210| 220. 5| 105%|   | 42| 44. 1|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 2| 85%|   | 254| 215. 9| 90%|   | 52| 46. 8|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 3| 80%|   | 271| 216. 8| 75%|   | 56| 42|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 4| 90%|   | 253| 227. 7| 75%|   | 59| 44. 25|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 5| 85%|   | 260| 221| 95%|   | 46| 43. 7|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 6| 85%|   | 266| 226. 1| 90%|   | 52| 46. 8|   |   |   |   |   |   |   | |   | 7| 90%|   | 243| 218. 7| 85%|   | 54| 45. |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 8| 80%|   | 277| 221. 6| 80%|   | 54| 43. 2|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 9| 105%|   | 212| 222. 6| 95%|   | 46| 43. 7|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | 10| 95%|   | 237| 225. 2| 100%|   | 44| 44|   |   | |   |   |   | |   | Summary| Total OT| 2483| 505|   |   | Rating|   |   |   |   | Total NT| 2216. 05| 444. 45|   |   | No. Observations| 10| 10|   |   | Average NT| 221. 605| 44. 445|   |   | % Allowance| 12%| 12%|   |   | Elemental Std. Time| 248. 1976| 49. 7784|   |   | No. of Occurences| 10| 10|   |   | Stan dard Time| 2481. 976| 497. 784|   |   | Total Standard Time (sum standard time for all elements):| 2980| Foreign Elements| Time Check| Allowance Summary| Sym| W1| W2| OT| Description| Finishing Time| 5:05:45 PM| Personal Needs| 3| A| 0| 11| 11| checked other bags| Starting Time| 4:14:30 PM| Basic Fatigue| 2| B| 0| 5| 5| ribboned twice| Elapsed Time| 51. 15| Variable Fatigue| 3| C| 0| 7| 7| stopped| TEBS| 0. 8|   | Special| 1| D|   |   |   |   | TEAF| 0. 7| | Total Allowance| 9| E|   |   |   |   | Total Check Time| 1. 5| | Remarks:| F|   |   |   |   | Effective Time| 2978| | | G|   |   |   |   | Ineffective Time| 23| | | H|   |   |   |   | Total Recorded Time| 3001| | I|   |   |   |   | Unaccounted Time| 0| | J|   |   |   |   | Recording Error %|   | | Rating Check|   | | Synthetic Time|   |   | | | Observed Time|   | | | | Don’t waste time! 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Technology And Its Effects On Criminals, Law...

As time has progressed and primitive technology has become far more advanced, society has been more involved when it comes to working with corruption happening in the law. This advancement in technology has aided criminals to perform crimes at an easier method. However, as history goes on, the officers also use the same advanced technology used by criminals in order to uncover their wrongdoings. Computers, smartphones, and the internet has made a vast contribution to the tasks undertaken by criminals, law enforcement agencies, and society. Society has been refining the way new technology works as it is going hand in hand with crime. Technology and Crime: Effects on Criminals, Law Administration, and Civilization When the general public†¦show more content†¦Crime has been known to be as old as society itself. It has been around ever since the dawn of humankind as an ideology. Crime originated from the acts of society and how people learn from other human beings. Modernized inventions such as, surveillance cameras, computers, and the internet have created opportunities for criminals to commit crimes and increase the chances of officers to catch them. Criminals will think twice before entering a property that has surveillance cameras and an alarm. In certain neighborhoods, the alarm companies have vehicles patrolling the area as an extra way to secure the residences. Advancements with the internet and personal computers give services to people that were thought to never be possible in the past. With computers and the internet, tasks can be done that humans are not able to do on their own with their knowledge. These advancements have helped society as a whole. Criminals look upon these inventions as an opportunity to organize an offense. Crime has been changing history; it leads to people expecting that they have more authority. Scientists always manufacture new advancements in technology to make it easier not only for criminals and people with careers in the field of criminal justice, but also for society. Criminals have many different tactics to start a crime. Now, with the advancements of in-home computers and the internet, there are endlessly new ways to do a criminal offense. Before the internet,

Cyber Bullying Increasing Rapidly in Singapore †Free Samples

Question: Is Cyber Bullying Becoming A Social Ill Day By Day? Answer: Brief of the interview In this section a brief of an important interview of the C.E.O of the leading newspaper corporation located in Singapore. This interview was broadcast in the New Asia Channel of Singapore as the topic of the interview is a very sensitive one regarding the cyber-bullying that is increasing rapidly in Singapore. Statistics of the issue The interviewee stated that it is statistically proven that 1 out of every 4 students of Singapore has faced cyber bullying and that has harmed their way of living the life. Under the supervision of Mr. Zhang Wei, who is the interviewee, a team of 12 people did a series of interviews of the students of Singapore and did a thorough survey regarding this burning issue. After the investigation, some horrible facts were revealed and the team was shocked to see that currently the 1/3rd of the student population of Singapore has faced cyber bullying at least once in their student life and the rate of facing such issues are more for the students of primary schools and that is more shocking (Barlett et al 2014). Root cause To find the cause it was revealed that the issue is more deep-rooted than it was predicted. It was seen that, the victims of cyber bullying suffer badly but the people who bullies others are actually going through a huge mental turmoil and that leads them to engage in such practices. The suicide rate of these bullies are actually 2 to 3 times more than the victims of cyber bullying and this is a fact that is worth putting in some stress on it. To do the research work it was seen that the rate of suicides among the teenagers and the young adults are higher than most of the South-East Asian countries. Mr. Wei added that it is not rare that the friends influenced some individuals to bully someone and to prove himself sometimes some students bully others using the cyber platform and these kinds of activities needs to be stopped and parents should invest more time with their kids to monitor their activities especially at the time of adolescence as that is the most vulnerable phase of any child. Initiatives of government Considering these issues government of Singapore has passed a law regarding cyber bullying and that explained that if the inappropriate contents from the internet will be taken down and the uploader will be penalized according to the severity of their actions. After implementing the law it is seen that rate of cyber bullying has gone down and that is where the success of implementing the new law lies (Kwan and Skoric, 2013). Speech Director of Ministry of Education on Cyber bullying, a burning issue of Singapore At the graduation ceremony of reputed Queens College of Singapore, Mr. Shengwah Kagawa, the director of Ministry of Education of Singapore was invited and he gave a speech regarding the burning contemporary issue of cyber bullying that is majorly affecting the students off Singapore. He said that recently the rate of cyber bullying was enhanced in a significant manner and the rate was alarming for the government. In many cases the victims of cyber bullying committed suicide and they have suffered badly. This issue raised a few questions among the parents and they have signed a petition urging for an amendment in the rules and regulations regarding this issue (Holt, Chee and Bossler 2013). He added that after considering the situation parliament have passed a new law and the new law became much stricter than the previous one. It was seen that after implementing the law the rate of cyber bullying actually decreased significantly (Teh 2014). After that the ministry of education has deci ded that in the schools the pupils should be taught the negative impact of the cyber bullying so that they do not get engaged in such practices. Kagawa added that in the last academic year almost 70 pupils committed suicide and out of them 50 to 55 were the victims of cyber bullying and 10 to 15 individuals were engaged in cyber bullying activities. It is a matter of fact that cyber bullying has become a social ill in the land of Singapore and the government has to step forward to eradicate such social ill from the society. Kagawa said that the parents need to give more time to their wards in order to keep them away from all sorts of provocations to get diverted from their goals. The parents and the management of the primary and secondary schools should be aware of the fact that no student should be exposed in front of any form of cyber bullying and if any student is seen suffering from these issues the issues must be resolved right away before it becomes serious (Ang, Huan and Flor ell, 2014). The laws against cyber bullying is now more strict than ever and this is helping the situation, but the fact is one should not stay relaxed depending upon the rules and regulations and a proper awareness regarding the issue must be raised. Considering this situation, the ministry of education has decided to deploy a team of 10 people who would supervise the educational institutions and will check online forums regarding this social ill. While concluding his speech, Kagawa said that by spreading the news regarding the cyber bullying and incessantly broadcasting these issues on social media and national TV might help the situation. Lastly he added that along with the teachers and parents the students should be aware of this issue and if they face any sort of cyber bullying they should report to the higher authorities. References Ang, R.P., Huan, V.S. and Florell, D., 2014. Understanding the relationship between proactive and reactive aggression, and cyberbullying across United States and Singapore adolescent samples.Journal of interpersonal violence,29(2), pp.237-254. Holt, T.J., Chee, G., Ng, E.A.H. and Bossler, A.M., 2013. Exploring the consequences of bullying victimization in a sample of Singapore youth.International Criminal Justice Review,23(1), pp.25-40. Bhat, C.B. and Ragan, M.A., 2013. Cyberbullying in Asia. . Hinduja, S. and Patchin, J.W., 2014.Bullying beyond the schoolyard: Preventing and responding to cyberbullying. Corwin Press. Kwan, G.C.E. and Skoric, M.M., 2013. Facebook bullying: An extension of battles in school.Computers in Human Behavior,29(1), pp.16-25. Singhal, P. and Bansal, A., 2013. Improved textual cyberbullying detection using data mining.International Journal of Information and Computation Technology,3(6), pp.569-576. Teh, M.K., 2014. Principals and Legal Risks: Contrasting Perspectives. Barlett, C.P., Gentile, D.A., Anderson, C.A., Suzuki, K., Sakamoto, A., Yamaoka, A. and Katsura, R., 2014. Cross-cultural differences in cyberbullying behavior: A short-term longitudinal study.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,45(2), pp.300-313.

The Importance of Marketing and Corporate Social Responsibility in Sport Creating and Maintaining the Perfect Balance

Introduction Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a form of self-regulation incorporated into organizations which functions as an instrument by which the corporation examines and ensures its active conformity with the provisions of the law, ethical norms, and global practices (Sà ©guin and Parent, 2010). The main role of social initiatives is to uphold responsibility and promote a positive impact through its conduct towards the environment, customers, staff, the immediate community, and all members of the public domain.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Importance of Marketing and Corporate Social Responsibility in Sport: Creating and Maintaining the Perfect Balance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, CSR actively promotes the community’s growth and development and eradicates norms that harm the public, irrespective of legality. Although there is no single universally accepted def inition of CSR, it can be summarized as the intentional inclusion of public interest into corporate or organizational decision-making processes, and the honoring of the three corporate pillars: people, planet, profit. CSR ensures that a corporation goes beyond its legal requirements so as to handle staff with dignity, operate with integrity and ethics, respect human rights, sustain the environment for future generations, create strong positive relations with the surrounding communities, being responsible in the community, and a good ‘corporate citizen’ (Inoue, Kent, and Lee, 2011). For a long time, stakeholders have recognized the potential of sports venues and sporting activities to form a platform for undertaking CSR activities. This has resulted into most corporations engaging in some form of CSR activity in sporting events. However, companies have recently shifted their focus driven by profit motivations, and are beginning to move away from CSR related activities to focus more on increasing their profit margins through such undertakings (Inoue et al, 2011). Although both sponsorship and corporate social responsibility offer sources of funds, resources, and in-kind services to organizations, they differ in the nature of what they expect in exchange. Indeed, some scholars have suggested that marketing and corporate philanthropy sit at opposite ends of a donation continuum. While CSR involves noble donations that are made based on personal values and not on personal gain, corporate decisions to sponsor sport properties are normally driven by business objectives although they may include intention to generate public goodwill regarding the organization and hence lead either to publicity of the whole company or of some of its products (Sà ©guin and Parent, 2010). However, one thing is clear: both CSR and sponsorships help a company in its marketing initiatives. In fact, sponsorships can wholly be regarded as a marketing initiative.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Corporate social responsibility is becoming increasingly important to organizations, governments, and service providers as they strive to meet the challenges of social and economic problems while altering welfare environments and this can be attributed to a number of factors, economic, social, cultural, legal and technological and so on. However, according to Sà ©guin and Parent (2010), progress in this area is often hampered by the fact that the field is under researched even as corporations face new demands to improve their accountability, transparency, integrity, and ethical behavior while observing the interests of its staff and that of the general public. Indeed, a study by Ludwig and Karabetsos (1999) reported that few researchers have focused on how corporations and organizations can create an equilibrium between corporate social responsibili ty and marketing or sponsorship roles. The objective of this study is to identify the primary factors that influence a corporation’s involvement in CSR, and make recommendations on how a balance between marketing and corporate social responsibility can be achieved Methodology A mixed-methods approach was employed to analyze the motivation and level of involvement of corporations in CSR. A case study of teams participating in the NBA league in the United States was conducted to investigate the use of CSR in a major sporting event. Analysis looked at individual corporations’ contributions, sponsorship activities and the motivation for engaging in these activities. Both quantitative and qualitative measures were helpful in examining the research objective and drawing conclusions. The research incorporates the following: Data gathered from IRS Form 990, 990-PF, and 990-EZ Statistical F-tests Related polls and surveys Additional information from articles and other studies This research study examines sports foundations in the three major leagues across three quantitative measures: revenues, grants distributed, and net assets. Analyzing annual revenue gives incite into a foundation’s potential for generating income through contributions, gifts, or from charging fees for services. Grants distributed indicate the organization’s current involvement in CSR and net assets indicate their ability to support activities in the future. Assessing these three variables is essential in understanding a sports’ foundations level of CSR and its ability to engage in CSR in the future.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Importance of Marketing and Corporate Social Responsibility in Sport: Creating and Maintaining the Perfect Balance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The qualitative statistical methods used include One-Way ANOVA F-tests and Chi-Square/Contingency Table tests. These tests will determine the statistical significance of the relationships between CSR and different variable factors (including marketing and CSR roles). The ANOVA-test reveals if there is a significant difference between the level of contributions, profitability, and levels of CSR activities. Qualitative analysis focuses on the NBA and its recent spike in CSR activities. Conclusions are drawn from polls and surveys conducted by ESPN, and analysis of articles on the topic. Organizations normally fill Form 990, 990-PF, or 990-EZ with the IRS. The form details information on the corporation’s mission, programs, and finances. The goal of the qualitative methods is to determine the extent of CSR in the NBA, their impact on the league and players, and the factors that influence a franchise’s CSR decisions. Results and Discussion This study used a mixed-methods approach to develop an understanding of the involvement of professional sports franchises in CSR. The un derlying research question looked to identify the extent to which sports franchises engage in CSR and factors that influence this involvement. Quantitatively, this study proved that the league a corporation is involved in does impact its CSR activities. ANOVA tests showed that performance impacts the level of CSR. In the NBA, there is a relationship between winning and charitable grants distributed. Teams with a winning season attract a larger level of sponsors and donations from corporations than losing teams. Qualitatively, a case study of the NBA revealed that player perception and league image is a motivating factor in determining the league’s level of CSR. Hence, CSR activities impacted positively on player performance on the pitch. The question on the factors that influence corporations to engage in CSR was observed as an intervening, or confounding variable, as it featured strongly in both the ANOVA and quantitative analyses. Corporations that invested more in CSR acti vities experienced a steady increase in profitability and product awareness. Surveys conducted showed that persons who supported a particular team were more likely to purchase products from the sponsors. When faced with two options of purchasing two similar products, a person was more likely to purchase the sponsor’s product. Hence, it was concluded that marketing and profitability were major factors in corporations’ engagement in CSR activities. However, it was postulated that corporations’ engagement in sports is purely from a corporate social responsibility perspective and that the numerous benefits come automatically in virtue of the corporations’ CSR activities. Further research should be undertaken on this topic.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Future of CSR in Professional Sports Several theories have been put forward to explain why corporations engage in sporting activities. Some of these theories point to a corporation’s objective of increasing its involvement with the local community, to increase general public awareness of the company, to enhance the corporation’s image, to alter or influence public perception of the company, to block competition, to increase sales and/or market share, to increase product awareness, and to reach a target market (Mullin, Hardy, and Sutton, 2000). Either way, corporations need to establishing a perfect balance between CSR and marketing so that both the company and the public can benefit the corporation’s involvement in the event, rather than the current situation where corporations are the predominant winners in many sporting activities(Mullin et al., 2000). This balance can be achieved through the following strategies. Responsibility Corporations can create a balan ce between marketing and CSR by engaging in responsible advertising and in the dissemination of information. While the sponsors are accorded the rights to air advertisement of their products and engage in product awareness campaigns during sports events, corporations must refrain from running programs or commercials that may harm participants, the audience, and viewers in any way. This observation mainly applies to corporations that produce alcoholic products such as Heineken and Anheuser-Busch (Polonsky and Speed, 2001). Corporations should run responsible drinking programs at their own will and not just due to coercion or pressure. Similar policies should be adopted by tobacco manufacturers. This would create a balance between marketing and CSR. Life, Health, and Safety of all While signing sponsorship agreements, corporations should bear that every party within the particular sporting scene is important towards the successful staging of the event, be it the spectators, participan ts, or persons watching at home. Consequently, the corporations’ sponsorship package must include programs aimed at enhancing the lives, health, and safety of all parties involves whenever they can (Walker Kent, 2009). The activities could include programs to prohibit any doping practices; preventing accidents (or improving safety); providing medical care to the participants; workers and people involved in the organization of the games; prohibition of exploitation of Child Labour and forced Labour; and realization of buildings, equipment, and facilities in compliance with national and international laws and ILO Conventions (Polonsky and Speed, 2001). Environment Sustainability Sponsors must understand the effect of sports activities on nature as well as the flexibility of the natural area being used to withstand the various activities being undertaken during the sporting activities. Consequently, they must guarantee the highest level of safeguard of the territory and pursue the objectives of environmental improvement, taking into account the principles of sustainable development (Mullin et al., 2000). Environmental sustainability is spelt out in many policies pertaining to particular sports, for instance, in the Olympic Games, the Olympic Movement Agenda 21 focuses on the reinforcement of environmental education of youth during the games. Environmental sustainability is a very important subject and each sponsor must strive to play a role in enhancing environmental protection and conservation. Integrity and transparency Integrity, transparency, and participation should be viewed not as constraints, but rather as conditions of efficacy and efficiency, because they enhance the credibility and authority of the complex action of â€Å"governance† on which the success of the sports events hinges (Walker Kent, 2009). The corporation must embrace integrity and transparency in all of its activities in relation to the sponsorship deal. Conclusion A recen t shift in CSR activities has seen activities transform their corporate goodwill to a profit-motivated venture while sponsoring sporting activities. This shift has seen companies pay less attention to societal needs but engage in aggressive marketing techniques in total disregard to the well-being of the rest of the society. Consequently, there is an urgent need for companies to realign their sponsorship activities so that a balance is created between marketing and CSR. Elements such as responsibility, taking the matter of all stakeholders at heart, environmental sustainability, and integrity and transparency can significantly help in bringing back the balance between CSR and sponsorship of sporting activities among corporations. References Inoue, Y., Kent, A., and Lee, S. (2011). CSR and the Bottom Line: Analyzing the Link between CSR and Financial Performance for Professional Teams. Journal of Sport Management. In press, uncorrected proof.  . Ludwig, S. and Karabetsos, J.D. (199 9). Objectives and evaluation processes utilized by sponsors of the 1996 Olympic Games. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 8(1), 11–19. Mullin, B., Hardy, S. and Sutton, W. (2000). Sport Marketing (2nd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinesics Polonsky, M.J. and Speed, R. (2001). Linking sponsorship and cause related marketing. European Journal of Marketing, 35(11/12), 1361–1385 Sà ©guin, B., and Parent, M. M. (2010). Corporate support: a corporate social responsibility alternative to traditional event sponsorship. Int. J. Sport Management and Marketing, 7(3/4), 522-30. Walker, M., Kent, A. (2009). Do fans care? Assessing the influence of corporate social responsibility on consumer attitudes in the sport industry. Journal of Sport Management, 23, 717-742. 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User Engagement Metrics How to Apply Them to Boost Your SEO

User Engagement Metrics How to Apply Them to Boost Your SEO It feels great to rank on the first page of Google for your primary keywords. You get all the love with tons of organic traffic. Ranking on the first page is complicated, however. Brian Dean compiled a list of over 200 ranking factors  that Google uses.  If you’re serious about improving your search visibility, you need to find a way to attend to these factors. I know how challenging this can be. And not everyone is ready to put in the hard work. But what if I told  you that there’s a rather easier way to rank high in the organic results pages?  Would you be interested? No, I’m not going to teach you some blackhat techniques or a secret to hacking Google’s index. Can I be straight up with you? From my personal experience, I observed that the most credible way to improve search performance is by focusing on user engagement metrics.   From the chart below, you’ll notice that shares, engaged time, and comments are the core metrics  for measuring user engagement. Not backlinks or content length. If you play your cards right, you can reverse-engineer user engagement to rank higher, with or without any so-called powerful links. The guide below will show you how to do it. Download Your Free User Engagement Resource Bundle User engagement metrics are driven by strong content. Understanding those metrics requires strong knowledge of analytics tools. To help you apply the advice in this post, weve pulled together these free resources you can use: Five free Google Analytics Custom Reports that show when your social media and email content drive the most traffic to your site (in just a couple clicks). 2017 Content Calendar Template to help you schedule all your content for optimal engagement. Using Google Analytics to Create Smarter Content guide to help you create content readers want, based on real data. How to Apply Powerful User Engagement Metrics to Boost Your SEOWhy User Engagement Matters User engagement is determined by observing user’s behavior. What do they do after they land on your website? Where do they click? How much time do they spend on your website? Understanding user engagement metrics helps you see what works and what doesn’t work. It helps you see what users love on your website. It’s not just about content. Design matters, too. Why? Because great design creates a great first impression and gets better marketing results. According to The Design Council, through your design, you can increase brand visibility by 200%.   The same report also states that, "Shares in companies where design plays a critical role consistently outperform key stock market indicators by 200%," and that â€Å"for every $130 spent on design, businesses that are focused on design realized a $298 return.† Recommended Reading: How to Redesign Your Website (Like ) In 10+ Easy Steps How to Work With Designers With Authentic Advice From 's Designer How to Design the Best Blog Graphics With Free Tools and Design Theory For instance, consider bounce rate. If the bounce rate of a specific blog post is higher than the rest of the posts, this means your readers don't like it as much as they do the rest of the posts. To find the bounce rate for your posts and pages in Google Analytics, here’s that path to follow once you’re logged in: BEHAVIOR = Site Content = All Pages When the statistics load, you’ll see a column for the bounce rates: Similarly, if a post has exceptionally low bounce rate, it could mean that your audience is in love with it. All things being equal. I’m sure you’re asking, â€Å"but, what is a good bounce rate?† Well, the answer isn’t straightforward because we need to consider the industry, content quality, and so on. However, all hope isn’t lost yet. You can see the average bounce rate for different industries. Additionally, GoRocketFuel conducted an exclusive study  to determine what a good bounce rate is. According to their findings: â€Å"Most websites will see bounce rates fall somewhere between 26% and 70%. The average bounce rate for the websites in my sample set was 49%. The average bounce rate for all visits in the set was 45%. I threw out the outliers- the 1% bounce rates. The highest bounce rate was 90.2%; the low (from a properly functioning profile) was 27.33%. The low across all (including broken implementations) was 1.23%.† So when you find blog posts with a good bounce rate, replicate. Create similar posts that your readers will love again. Your chances of ranking higher in Google top pages are high, because Google appreciates  a web page with a low bounce rate. Recommended Reading: How to Create a Killer Content Strategy for Your New Blog The Ultimate Blog Writing Process to Create Killer Posts How to Promote Your Blog With 107 Content Promotion Tactics Determine What Users Are Doing On-site It’s high time you get to know what users are doing on your website. Neil Patel  identified five engagement factors that will affect influence your search engine rankings. These include: Traffic. This includes visitors from organic sources. Pageviews and bounce rate. Brand mentions. Mobile-responsive design. Technical SEO (structured for users). Other engagement metrics are: Clicks on internal and external links. Social shares. Scroll depth. Form submissions.Are you paying attention to these important user engagement signals?Note:  All of these metrics and factors don’t influence search rankings at the same time. Most website owners and SEOs find it hard to rank higher in Google when they try to manipulate search rankings. But the truth is, SEO  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ as daunting and complicated as it may seem – still boils down to one simple practice: provide value. The illustration below  shows that the more value you provide, the more of it you’ll get. Source: HubSpot Good #SEO boils down to one simple practice: providing value.According to Search Engine Watch, the correlation between user engagement metrics (i.e., time on site, bounce rate and average pages per visit) and search engine ranking reveals that not all the signals are equally important. These user engagement metrics can be accessed from Google Analytics. This will help you identify the best performing landing pages on your website. These engagement metrics are the results of user’s behavior while on your website. To see these metrics in your Google Analytics account go to: Acquisition - All Traffic - Channels When you’ve identified your best performing landing pages, you need to install a heat map script  so that you can study the user behavior properly. To find your best performing landing pages, follow this path in Google Analytics: Behavior = Site Content = Landing Pages Here's how to find your best-performing landing pages using Google Analytics:Use Heatmaps to Understand Vantage Positioning A heat map tool like Crazy Egg  can show you the exact sections of your website that users are clicking and why? It uses mouse-tracking to determine scroll and clicks. To fully understand what users do on your website, where they click, how deep they scroll, and what they don’t like, you have to use heatmaps- it gives you better insights about users. Source: Piktochart For instance, you saw five pages in Google Analytics with below average bounce rates. At that point, you should ask yourself, â€Å"why do people like these pages more than other pages on the same website?† Do they like the video? Or the infographic? Or the GIFs or something else? This is where a heat map tool gets the job done. You can determine the following using a heat map: How users move their mouse on any given page. Do they move their mouse on the title and images? A click map shows where users click on the page. Are they clicking the new video that you just created? Scroll maps show how deep users scroll. It’s one of the best user engagement metrics that show the point users exit the page. This makes it easier to adjust the length of your page. For a demonstration of CrazyEgg and how to use it to interpret your website data, see the Koozai Guide to Using CrazyEgg. This information,  alongside data from Google Analytics will help you identify the most interactive parts on the best-performing pages. When you’re armed with such insights about your users, it’s easy to create compelling content that will improve your search visibility. Based on Google Analytics and your heatmaps, you can determine what type of content is most suitable for your audience. Lim Cheng Soon  used heatmaps  to track the user behavior on Pair’s landing page (now rebranded as Couple). Here’s what  the homepage looked like  before: Now, see what their  heatmap revealed: The navigation bar at the top left was getting more clicks than the conversion button. It was a distraction. Though they were getting a decent traffic on the homepage, pageviews were counting, and everything was working fine. But they weren’t getting as many downloads as expected. So, Lim removed the navigation bar and conversion rate quickly increased by 12%. He also removed the ‘download for free’ text above the button and it increased conversion rate by an additional 10%. Create More Interactive Content If you want to increase user’s time on your website, you need to add more interaction to your content. You could add interactive infographics  to your post, or embed quizzes. However, there are two forms of interactive content  that truly boost engagement. These include: a).   Calculators: Integrating a simple calculator into your written content can improve your content’s perceived value and take your engagement to the roof. For example, SilkRoad, a HR software for Talent Management created a calculator  to show prospective clients they could become more productive and save with its employee onboarding automation solution. Within 3 months, the company saw an increase in lead generation and content engagement. You'll need to work with your development team to make something like this happen. However, the results are worth it. b).   Interactive video: Video marketing still works. Data from Convince and Convert  shows that audiences are 10x more likely to engage with video content. Sadly, they’re still a static medium, which means that you have a lot of opportunities right now to make your videos interactive. But how? In an interactive video, you’re giving viewers the opportunity to participate in your video as opposed to just viewing it. You could add interactive hotspots so that a viewer can click to learn more about the person, an event, or a topic. Some of the handy tools that you can use to create interactive videos are: Wirewax Thinglink RaptMedia Truth is, interactive videos can quickly improve your audience’s perception of your brand. Interactive videos can quickly improve your audience’s perception of your brand.According to Tom Whatley: â€Å"One of the best examples of interactive video I've seen is the Guardian's "Seven Digital Deadly Sins." In it, viewers can explore the stories of seven users of digital media and how it affects their lives. A 'burger menu' to the side adds to the user interface, and there are several "easter eggs" in the form of one-question surveys that show real-time stats.† Here's a quick look at it: Recommended Reading: How to Make a Video Content Marketing Strategy To Boost Your New Series How to Get Started With Twitter Video Marketing How to Do Facebook Video Marketing the Right Way When you’re looking to create more engagement on your page, adding more interactivity can help. But again, it comes after studying your users closely using tools. Statistics  show that interactive content converts better than passive content. In the study, interactive content converted more than 70% of buyers while the passive content only converted 36% of buyers. Two of the reasons why most people don’t build interaction into their content is because they don’t know what type of interactive content to create that users will love. This challenge can be solved using Google Analytics and heatmaps. What #interactive #content will your audience love? Find out with Google Analytics and @CrazyEgg:To get started, you can create different forms of interactive content with these tools: Qzzr: A simple tool for creating online quizzes for free. SnapApp: It’s a powerful content platform which allows you to turn static content (e.g., PDF document) into an interactive slide presentation). Mapme: Build interactive maps with videos, words, and photos. Infogr.am: Use this tool to create interactive infographics and charts. Once you start creating interactive content, your audience will start engaging with it at a better level. And because Google follows users, your web page will start to gain more visibility in the organic search. Don’t just create any type of content. But rather, make content marketing  decisions based on the feedback from your best-performing content which you found on Google Analytics. It must be based on what your audience is already engaging with. For instance, if feedback from analytics and heat maps reveal that infographics perform better than text. You'd then want to create more infographics to engage with your readers. Recommended Reading: How to Make an Infographic in 7 Easy Steps Craft Beneficial Headlines, Not Clickbait You can use user engagement metrics and insights from Google Analytics and heatmaps to write better headlines. Here’s how. Let’s assume that one of your best performing landing pages has this headline: 12 Smart Ways To Launch a Successful Online Course Then all things being equal, your readers are telling you that they prefer ‘number headlines.’ So, you’re expected to create more of them. If that’s the case, then your subsequent posts might read thus: 11 Product Launch Tools That I Use Every Time 7 Steps To Hack a Winning Product Idea 3 Must-Have Pricing Strategies You Should Adopt More importantly, you can get more clicks on your headlines if you make them beneficial. According to Brian Clark, 8 out of 10 people  will click on your headline. Real headlines that offer value is what you should craft for your interactive content. Clickbait headlines may seem to do the trick, but they will only cause search users to bounce the moment they land on your page and discover that you’ve tricked them. This is not what you want, right? Here are a few techniques to help you write headlines: Make them benefit-driven.  Clearly state the benefit that the readers will get from the content. Here are some examples of such headlines: 7 Ways To Get Your First 1,000 Email Subscribers Here’s another example from Neil Patel’s blog: Keep headlines descriptive. Inappropriate, ambiguous, and unclear headlines might send untargeted traffic to your page. Use A/B test  to prove your best headlines. Optimize headlines. Include a keyword in the headline that will help you drive traffic from search engines. Bonus Tip: Use 's free Headline Analyzer to make sure every headline you write is a winner. A killer headline combined with the content that your users and search engines have shown great interest in initially will rank exceptionally well in search engines. A killer headline + content your users want = search rankings.This type of content doesn’t need a lot of backlinks to rank. As long as users like the content, they’ll share it, and Google will naturally rank it. Maybe not on the first page right away, but as the user engagement increases, this page will climb to the top. More so, if users like it so much, they’ll link to it as well. So, you may not be out to build links, but you’ll earn them nonetheless. Recommended Reading: How to Write Awesome Social Media Headlines Your Audience Will Love How to Write Emotional Headlines That Get More Shares How to Write Headlines That Drive Traffic, Shares, and Search Results How Will You Use User Engagement Metrics to Create Better Content? Focusing on your users and what interests them is truly the best way to create content that ranks highly in Google organic pages. It may seem like a lot of work, and it’s true, but if you dare to listen to your audience more it becomes a lot easier to answer their questions.